Different types of Testing Activities take place at different phases in a Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Most of the time in software development even after testing the application there is a lot of scope for the client to find bugs and report back which often makes the Testing team a scape goat at the time of reporting and later investigation reveals that there are flaws in the development, flaws in testing etc and at this time different teams question each other and causes a havoc kind of situation. In order to avoid these the following testing activities should be performed during the phases so that the final delivery is as expected by the client.
Requirements Analysis
Determine correctness
Generate functional test data.
Design
Determine correctness and consistency
Generate structural and functional test data.
Programming/Construction
Determine correctness and consistency
Generate structural and functional test data
Apply test data
Refine test data
Operation and Maintenance
Retest
The above mentioned are different phases and what a QA/QC can do in each phase to see that the application/software being developed is delivered in a stable and reliable way so that there are minimum bugs being reported by the client.
For complete information on each topic in detail please look
Testing Activities in Different Phases of Software Development
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